Kowane gyare-gyaren samfur kamar kayan shafa na mutane ne. Ana buƙatar rufin saman tare da yadudduka na abun ciki da yawa don kammala aikin kayan ado na saman. An bayyana kauri daga cikin rufi a cikin microns. Gabaɗaya, diamita na gashi ya kai microns saba'in ko tamanin, kuma rufin ƙarfe ya kai 'yan dubbai. An yi samfurin ne da haɗin ƙarfe daban-daban kuma an lulluɓe shi da yadudduka na karafa daban-daban don kammala kayan shafa. tsari. Wannan labarin a taƙaice yana gabatar da ilimin da ya dace na electroplating da plating launi. Abubuwan da ke ciki don tunani ne ta abokai waɗanda suka saya da samar da ingantaccen tsarin kayan marufi:
Electroplating wani tsari ne da ke amfani da ka'idar electrolysis don faranta wa wani sirara mai sirara na wasu karafa ko gami a saman wasu karafa. Wani tsari ne wanda ke amfani da electrolysis don haɗa fim ɗin ƙarfe zuwa saman ƙarfe ko wasu sassa na kayan don hana iskar oxygenation na ƙarfe (kamar tsatsa), inganta juriya, haɓakawa, haɓakawa, juriya na lalata (ƙarfe mai rufi galibi ƙarfe ne masu juriya. ) da kuma inganta bayyanar.
Ka'ida
Electroplating yana buƙatar ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yanzu wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki zuwa tanki na lantarki da na'urar lantarki wanda ya ƙunshi bayani na plating, sassan da za a yi amfani da su (cathode) da anode. Tsarin electroplating tsari ne wanda ions ƙarfe a cikin maganin plating ke rage su zuwa atom ɗin ƙarfe ta hanyar halayen lantarki a ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki na waje, kuma ana yin ajiyar ƙarfe akan cathode.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata
Yawancin suturar ƙarfe ɗaya ne ko gami, irin su titanium, palladium, zinc, cadmium, zinariya ko tagulla, tagulla, da sauransu; akwai kuma yadudduka na watsawa, irin su nickel-silicon carbide, graphite-fluorinated nickel, da dai sauransu; da cladding yadudduka, kamar karfe Copper-nickel-chromium Layer akan karfe, azurfa-indium Layer akan karfe, da dai sauransu. Baya ga simintin ƙarfe na tushen ƙarfe, ƙarfe da bakin karfe, kayan tushe na electroplating kuma sun haɗa da maras ƙarfe. karafa, ko ABS robobi, polypropylene, polysulfone da phenolic robobi. Duk da haka, dole ne robobi su sha aikin kunnawa da jiyya na musamman kafin yin amfani da lantarki.
Plating launi
1) Ƙarfe mai daraja: irin su platinum, zinariya, palladium, azurfa;
2) Ƙarfe na gabaɗaya: irin su kwaikwayi platinum, guntun baƙar fata, tin cobalt mara amfani da nickel, tsohuwar tagulla, tsohuwar jan jan ƙarfe, tsohuwar azurfa, tsohuwar gwangwani, da sauransu.
Dangane da rikitarwa na tsari
1) Launi na launi na gabaɗaya: platinum, zinariya, palladium, azurfa, platinum kwaikwayo, bindigar baƙar fata, tin cobalt-free nickel, lu'u-lu'u nickel, baƙar fata plating;
2) Plating na musamman: plating na gargajiya (ciki har da patina mai mai, patina mai rini, patina mai zaren zaren), launi biyu, plating ɗin yashi, plating ɗin goga, da sauransu.
1 platinum
Karfe ne mai tsada kuma ba kasafai ba. Launi fari ne na azurfa. Yana da barga kaddarorin, mai kyau lalacewa juriya, high taurin da dogon launi riƙe lokaci. Yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun launuka masu launi na lantarki. Kauri yana sama da 0.03 microns, kuma ana amfani da palladium gabaɗaya azaman layin ƙasa don samun sakamako mai kyau na haɗin gwiwa, kuma ana iya adana hatimin fiye da shekaru 5.
2 kwaikwayi platinum
Karfe na lantarki shi ne jan ƙarfe-tin alloy (Cu/Zn), kuma platinum na kwaikwayo kuma ana kiransa farin jan ƙarfe-tin. Launi yana kusa da farin zinare kuma ya fi farin zinare kadan. Kayan abu yana da taushi kuma mai raye-raye, kuma murfin saman yana da sauƙin fashe. Idan an rufe, ana iya barin shi tsawon rabin shekara.
3 zinariya
Zinariya (Au) ƙarfe ne mai daraja. Common ado plating. Daban-daban rabbai na sinadaran zo da launi daban-daban: 24K, 18K, 14K. Kuma a cikin wannan tsari daga rawaya zuwa kore, za a sami wasu bambance-bambance a cikin launi tsakanin kauri daban-daban. Yana da kyawawan kaddarorin kuma taurin sa gabaɗaya 1/4-1/6 na platinum. Juriyansa matsakaici ne. Saboda haka, rayuwar shiryayyen kalarsa matsakaita ce. An yi zinare da zinare da gwal-tagulla. Bisa ga girman, launi yana tsakanin rawaya na zinariya da ja. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran zinariya, ya fi raye-raye, da wuya a sarrafa launi, kuma sau da yawa yana da bambance-bambancen launi. Lokacin riƙe launi kuma ba shi da kyau kamar sauran launuka na zinariya kuma yana canza launi cikin sauƙi.
4 azurfa
Azurfa (Ag) wani farin karfe ne wanda yake aiki sosai. Azurfa cikin sauƙin canza launi lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa sulfides da chlorides a cikin iska. Plating na Azurfa gabaɗaya yana amfani da kariyar electrolytic da kariyar electrophoresis don tabbatar da rayuwar plating. Daga cikin su, rayuwar sabis na kariyar electrophoresis ya fi na electrolysis, amma yana da ɗan launin rawaya, samfurori masu sheki za su sami wasu ƙananan filaye, kuma farashin zai karu. Electrophoresis an kafa shi a 150 ° C, kuma samfuran da aka kiyaye su ba su da sauƙin sake yin aiki kuma galibi ana goge su. Ana iya adana electrophoresis na azurfa fiye da shekara 1 ba tare da canza launi ba.
5 bakar gun
Metal material nickel/zinc alloy Ni/Zn), wanda kuma ake kira gun baki ko nickel baki. Launin plating baƙar fata ne, ɗan launin toka. Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali yana da kyau, amma yana da sauƙi ga canza launi a ƙananan matakan. Wannan kalar plating kanta tana ƙunshe da nickel kuma ba za a iya amfani da ita ba don plating mara nickel. Launi mai launi ba shi da sauƙi don sake yin aiki da gyarawa.
6 nickl
Nickel (Ni) fari ne mai launin toka-fari kuma karfe ne mai kyawu mai yawa da tauri. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi azaman Layer ɗin rufewa don electroplating don inganta rayuwar sabis na lantarki. Yana da kyakkyawan ikon tsarkakewa a cikin yanayi kuma yana iya tsayayya da lalata daga yanayin. Nickel yana da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi kuma mara ƙarfi, don haka bai dace da samfuran da ke buƙatar nakasawa yayin aikin lantarki ba. Lokacin da kayayyakin nickel-plated sun lalace, suturar za ta bazu. Nickel na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar fata a wasu mutane.
7 Plating tin-cobalt mara amfani da nickel
Kayan shine tin-cobalt gami (Sn/Co). Launin baƙar fata ne, yana kusa da bindigar baƙar fata (mai launin toka kaɗan fiye da baƙar bindiga), kuma baƙar fata ce marar nickel. Filayen yana da inganci, kuma ƙananan matakin lantarki yana da sauƙi ga launi. Launi mai launi ba shi da sauƙi don sake yin aiki da gyarawa.
8 nickel lu'u-lu'u
Kayansa shine nickel, wanda kuma ake kira sand nickel. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi azaman pre-plated ƙasa Layer na hazo launi tsari. Launi mai launin toka, saman madubi mara kyalli, tare da hazo mai laushi kamar siffa, kamar satin. Matsayin atomization ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. Ba tare da kariya ta musamman ba, saboda tasirin abubuwan samar da yashi, ana iya samun canza launi a cikin hulɗa da fata.
9 kalar hazo
Ya dogara ne akan nickel lu'u-lu'u don ƙara launin saman. Yana da tasirin hazo kuma yana da matte. Hanyarsa ta lantarki ita ce nickel ɗin lu'u-lu'u da aka riga aka yi wa ado. Saboda tasirin atomization na nickel lu'u-lu'u yana da wuyar sarrafawa, launi na saman ba shi da daidaituwa kuma yana da sauƙi ga bambancin launi. Ba za a iya amfani da wannan launi na plating tare da plating mara nickel ko da dutse bayan plating. Wannan launi mai launi yana da sauƙi don oxidize, don haka ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga kariya.
10 goge waya plating
Bayan platin jan karfe, ana goge layi akan tagulla, sa'an nan kuma an ƙara launin saman. Akwai ma'anar layi. Siffar launinsa daidai yake da na launi na gaba ɗaya, amma bambancin shine akwai layi a saman. Wayoyin goge baki ba za su iya zama plating mara nickel ba. Saboda plating mara nickel, ba za a iya tabbatar da tsawon rayuwarsu ba.
11 yashi
Yashi kuma yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin sanya launin hazo. Plate din jan karfen yashi ne sannan kuma a sanya wutan lantarki. Fuskar matte yana da yashi, kuma launin matte iri ɗaya ya fi bayyane fiye da tasirin yashi. Kamar goge goge, ba za a iya yin plating mara nickel ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-23-2023