An buga ranar 27 ga Satumba, 2024 daga Yidan Zhong
Menene additives na filastik?
Additives na filastik na halitta ne ko na roba inorganic ko kwayoyin mahadi waɗanda ke canza halayen filastik zalla ko ƙara sabbin kaddarorin. Masu masana'anta suna haxa guduro tare da ƙari masterbatches a takamaiman rabbai dangane da buƙatun samfurin, sannan su samar da kayayyaki iri-iri. Bayan aiki ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare, matsawa, gyare-gyare, da dai sauransu, cakuda na farko yana ɗaukar siffar da ake so.
Haɗuwa da ƙari daban-daban tare da granules na filastik na iya ba da kaddarorin daban-daban ga robobi, kamar haɓaka tauri, mafi kyawun rufi, da ƙare mai sheki. Ƙara abubuwan da ake ƙarawa zuwa robobi ba wai kawai yana sa abubuwan filastik su yi sauƙi ba amma har ma suna inganta launi, yana sa samfurin ya fi dacewa ga masu amfani. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa 90% nasamfuran filastika duk duniya ana amfani da additives, saboda filastik tsantsa gabaɗaya baya da ƙarfi, karko, da ƙarfi. Dole ne a haɗa abubuwan da ake ƙarawa don yin robobi ya ɗorewa a ƙarƙashin mummunan yanayin muhalli.
Wadanne abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na filastik a yau?
1. Abubuwan da ke hana toshewa (anti-manne)
Adhesion na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga sarrafa fim da aikace-aikace, wani lokaci yana maida fim ɗin mara amfani. Abubuwan da ke hana hana toshewa suna rikitar da fuskar fim don ƙirƙirar tasirin mikewa, rage hulɗa tsakanin fina-finai da hana su mannewa tare.
Dole ne ma'aikatan hana hanawa su kasance masu tasiri sosai, tare da ingantaccen inganci da kwanciyar hankali, suna da ɗan tasiri ko rashin tasiri akan aikin fim, musamman a cikin fina-finan LLDPE da LDPE. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da abubuwan hana toshewa tare da na'urori masu zamewa don ƙirƙirar yanayin sarrafawa mafi kyau ga fina-finai.
Sinadaran gama gari na abubuwan da ke hana toshewa sun haɗa da silica roba (SiO2) irin su fumed silica, gel silica, da zeolite, ko na halitta da ma’adinai SiO2 kamar yumbu, ƙasa diatomaceous, quartz, da talc. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su na roba suna da fa'idar rashin kasancewa crystalline (guje wa ƙura mai alli), yayin da kayan halitta suna buƙatar magani na musamman don rage ƙura.
2. Masu bayyanawa
Yayin sarrafawa, abubuwa kamar masu filaye ko robobin da aka sake fa'ida na iya rage bayyana gaskiyar samfur. Ma'aikatan bayyanawa suna ba da mafita, haɓaka haɓakar samfur yayin rage farashin masana'anta.
Ma'aikatan bayyanawa na iya inganta tsabta a cikin ƙananan kuɗi yayin da suke ba da fa'ida mai yuwuwa ta hanyar rage lokacin sake zagayowar da tanadin kuzari. Ba sa yin mummunan tasiri ga walda, mannewa, ko wasu ayyukan sarrafawa.
3. Filayen filastik
Filler Masterbatch, yawanci dangane da calcium carbonate (CaCO3), ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar filastik don canza halayen resins ko resin polymer, rage farashin samfur.
Cakudar dutsen foda, additives, da resin na farko ana narkar da shi cikin guduro ruwa kuma a sanyaya su a cikin granules, waɗanda aka haɗa su da ɗanyen robobi don matakai kamar gyare-gyaren busa, kadi, da gyare-gyaren allura don samar da samfuran filastik.
A cikin sarrafa filastik PP, abubuwa kamar raguwa da warping galibi suna shafar ingancin samfur. Masu taurin kai suna taimakawa haɓaka gyare-gyaren samfur, rage warping, da haɓaka gaskiya. Har ila yau, suna gajarta zagayowar latsawa, suna haɓaka aikin samarwa.
4. UV stabilizers (UV additives)
Hasken ultraviolet zai iya karya igiyoyi a cikin polymers, yana haifar da lalata photochemical kuma yana haifar da alli, canza launi, da asarar dukiya ta jiki. UV stabilizers kamar hana amine haske stabilizers (HALS) kawar da free radicals da alhakin lalacewa, don haka kara da samfurin ta rayuwa.
5. Anti-static additives
A lokacin sarrafawa, granules na filastik suna haifar da wutar lantarki a tsaye, suna jawo ƙura zuwa saman. Abubuwan da ake ƙarawa na anti-static suna rage cajin fuskar fim ɗin, inganta aminci da rage ƙurar ƙura.
Nau'u:
Anti-statics mara ɗorewa: wakilai na ƙasa, salts Organic, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol
Dorewa anti-statics: polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), polyalkyl copolymers
6. Anti-caking additives
Fina-finai sau da yawa suna haɗuwa tare saboda ƙarfin mannewa, cajin da ba a saba ba, ko ɓacin rai, yana sa da wuya a raba su. Abubuwan da ke hana kek suna murƙushe saman fim ɗin don ba da damar iska don hana kumbura. Wasu lokuta na musamman sun haɗa da abubuwan da ba su dace ba don hana haɓaka caji.
7. Abubuwan da ke hana wuta
Filastik suna da ƙonewa sosai saboda tsarin ƙwayoyin sarkar carbon ɗin su. Masu riƙe da wuta suna haɓaka juriyar wuta ta hanyoyi kamar ƙirƙirar yadudduka masu kariya ko kashe radicals kyauta.
Common harshen retardants:
Halogenated harshen wuta retardants
Abubuwan DOPO
Inorganic: aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2), jan phosphorus.
Organic: phosphates
8. Anti-hazo additives
Abubuwan da ke hana hazo suna hana ruwa danne a saman fina-finan robobi a cikin nau'in ɗigon ruwa, wanda aka fi gani a cikin marufi na abinci da aka adana a cikin firiji ko greenhouses. Waɗannan wakilai suna kiyaye tsabta kuma suna hana hazo.
Magabata na gama-gari:
PLA (polylactic acid)
Saukewa: AF1-1701
9. Na gani haske
Ana amfani da na'urori masu haske na gani, wanda kuma aka sani da fararen fata, don ɗaukar hasken UV da fitar da hasken da ake iya gani, yana haɓaka kamannin samfuran filastik. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen rage canza launin fata, musamman a cikin robobi da aka sake yin amfani da su, yana sa launuka su yi haske kuma suna da ƙarfi.
Na yau da kullun masu haskaka haske: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Biodegradation goyon bayan Additives
Filastik suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don ruɓe, haifar da ƙalubalen muhalli. Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakar halittu, kamar Reverte, suna taimakawa haɓaka lalata filastik ƙarƙashin tasirin muhalli kamar oxygen, hasken rana, da zafin jiki.
Waɗannan abubuwan ƙari suna taimakawa canza robobin da ba za a iya lalata su zuwa kayan da ba za a iya lalata su ba, kama da abubuwan halitta kamar ganye ko tsire-tsire, suna ba da gudummawa ga dorewar muhalli.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-27-2024