Bipụtara na Septemba 27, 2024 nke Yidan Zhong
Kedu ihe mgbakwunye plastik?
Ihe mgbakwunye rọba bụ ihe sitere n'okike ma ọ bụ sịntetik inorganic ma ọ bụ ogige organic nke na-agbanwe njirimara nke rọba dị ọcha ma ọ bụ tinye ihe ọhụrụ. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-agwakọta resin na mgbakwunye masterbatches n'ụzọ ụfọdụ dabere na ihe ngwaahịa ahụ chọrọ, wee mepụta ihe dị iche iche. Mgbe nhazi site na nkedo, mkpakọ, ịkpụzi, wdg, ngwakọta nke mbụ na-ewere ọdịdị a chọrọ.
Ịgwakọta ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche na granules rọba nwere ike inye ihe dị iche iche na plastik, dị ka ịba ụba siri ike, mkpuchi ka mma, na njedebe na-egbuke egbuke. Ịtinye ihe mgbakwunye na rọba ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka ihe ndị dị na rọba dịkwuo ọkụ kamakwa na-eme ka agba ha dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ngwaahịa ahụ bụrụ ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka ndị ọrụ. Ọ bụ ya mere 90% nkengwaahịa plastikna-eji ihe mgbakwunye zuru ụwa ọnụ, n'ihi na rọba dị ọcha n'ozuzu enweghị ike, ịdịte aka na ike. A ghaghị ijikọta ihe mgbakwunye iji mee ka plastik dịgide n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike.
Kedu ihe mgbakwunye rọba kachasị ewu ewu taa?
1. Ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi mgbochi (mgbochi nrapado)
Adhesion nwere ike imetụta nhazi ihe nkiri na ngwa ngwa na-adịghị mma, mgbe ụfọdụ na-eme ka ihe nkiri ahụ ghara ịdị irè. Ihe mgbakwunye na-egbochi mgbochi na-eme ka elu ihe nkiri na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma iji mepụta mmetụta ndọtị, na-ebelata kọntaktị n'etiti ihe nkiri na igbochi ha ịrapara ọnụ.
Ndị na-egbochi mgbochi ga-adị irè nke ukwuu, nwere àgwà a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na nkwụsi ike, na-enwe mmetụta dị nta ma ọ bụ enweghị mmetụta na arụmọrụ ihe nkiri, karịsịa na fim LLDPE na LDPE. A na-ejikarị ihe mgbochi mgbochi n'akụkụ ihe ndị na-amị amị iji mepụta ebe nhazi kacha mma maka ihe nkiri.
Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-egbochi mgbochi gụnyere silica sịntetik (SiO2) dị ka fumed silica, gel silica, na zeolite, ma ọ bụ eke na ịnweta SiO2 dị ka ụrọ, ala diatomaceous, quartz, na talc. Ihe ndị sịntetik nwere uru nke ịghara ịbụ crystalline (na-ezere uzuzu nzu), ebe ihe ndị sitere n'okike chọrọ ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche iji belata uzuzu.
2. Ndị ọrụ na-akọwapụta
N'oge nhazi, ihe ndị dị ka ihe ndochi ma ọ bụ plastik emegharịrị nwere ike ibelata nghọta ngwaahịa. Ndị ọrụ ịkọwapụta na-enye ihe ngwọta, na-abawanye gloss ngwaahịa na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nrụpụta.
Ndị ọrụ ịkọwapụta nwere ike imeziwanye nghọta na ọnụ ala dị ala ma na-enye uru ndị nwere ike ịnweta site na mbelata oge okirikiri na nchekwa ike. Ha anaghị emetụta ịgbado ọkụ, nrapado, ma ọ bụ mmemme nhazi ndị ọzọ.
3. Plastic fillers
A na-eji plastic filler masterbatch, nke na-adabere na calcium carbonate (CaCO3), na ụlọ ọrụ rọba iji gbanwee àgwà nke resins ma ọ bụ polymer resins, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa.
A na-agbaze ngwakọta nke ntụ ntụ, ihe mgbakwunye, na resin bụ isi n'ime resin mmiri wee mee ka ọ dị jụụ n'ime granules, nke a na-agwakọta ya na plastik raw maka usoro dị ka ịkpụzi ịkpụzi, ịgbanye, na ịkpụzi injection iji mepụta ngwaahịa plastik.
Na nhazi nke plastik PP, ihe ndị dị ka mbelata na ịgbagha na-emetụtakarị àgwà ngwaahịa. Ihe ndị na-eme ka ike sie ike na-enyere aka mee ngwa ngwa ịkpụzi ngwaahịa, belata ọgụ, ma melite nghọta. Ha na-ebelata usoro mgbasa ozi, na-eme ka nrụpụta ọrụ dị mma.
4. UV stabilizers (UV mgbakwunye)
Ìhè ultraviolet nwere ike imebi agbụ na polymers, na-akpata mmebi nke photochemical na-eduga na chalking, discoloration, na ihe onwunwe efu. UV stabilizers dị ka ihe mgbochi amine light stabilizers (HALS) na-ewepụ radicals efu na-akpata mmebi, si otú a na-agbatị ndụ ngwaahịa ahụ.
5. Ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi static
N'oge nhazi, granules plastik na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik, na-adọta uzuzu n'elu. Ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi static na-ebelata ụgwọ elu nke ihe nkiri ahụ, na-eme ka nchekwa dịkwuo mma ma na-ebelata mkpokọta uzuzu.
Ụdị:
Ihe mgbochi na-adịghị adịgide adịgide: ndị na-ahụ maka elu, nnu organic, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol.
Anti-statics na-adịgide adịgide: polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), polyalkyl copolymers
6. Anti-caking mgbakwunye
Ihe nkiri na-ejikọkarị ọnụ n'ihi ike nnyapade, ebubo ndị na-emegide ya, ma ọ bụ ike oghere, na-eme ka ọ sie ike ikewapụ ha. Ihe mgbakwunye na-egbochi caking na-eme ka elu ihe nkiri na-eme ka ikuku nwee ike igbochi ịchịkọta. Ụfọdụ ikpe pụrụ iche gụnyere ihe mgbochi static iji gbochie iwulite ụgwọ.
7. Ihe mgbakwunye ire ere
Plastics na-ere ọkụ nke ukwuu n'ihi usoro ihe ọkụkụ nke carbon-chain ha. Ndị na-ere ọkụ na-eme ka nguzogide ọkụ na-adịwanye mma site n'usoro dị ka ịmepụta akwa mkpuchi ma ọ bụ imenyụ radicals n'efu.
Ndị na-egbochi ire ọkụ a na-ahụkarị:
Halogenated ire ọkụ retardants
Mwepụta DOPO
Inorganic: aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) 2), red phosphorus.
Organic: phosphates
8. Anti-fog mgbakwunye
Ndị na-eme ihe na-egbochi mmiri na-egbochi mmiri ka ọ ghara ikpokọta n'elu ihe nkiri plastik n'ụdị ụmụ irighiri mmiri, bụ nke a na-ahụkarị na nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri echekwara na friji ma ọ bụ griin haus. Ndị ọrụ ndị a na-edobe anya ma gbochie ikuku.
Ihe ndị na-egbochi ahihia a na-ahụkarị:
PLA (polylactic acid)
Lanxess AF DP1-1701
9. Optical brighteners
A na-ejikarị ihe na-egbuke egbuke anya, nke a makwaara dị ka ndị na-acha ọcha fluorescent, na-enweta ìhè UV ma na-ebunye ìhè a na-ahụ anya, na-eme ka ọdịdị ngwaahịa rọba dịkwuo mma. Nke a na-enyere aka ibelata ngbanwe agba, ọkachasị na plastik ndị ejigharịgharị, na-eme ka agba na-egbuke egbuke ma na-adọrọ adọrọ.
Ihe na-egbuke egbuke anya: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Biodegradation na-akwado mgbakwunye
Plastics na-ewe ogologo oge iji mebie, na-emepụta ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi. Ihe mgbakwunye biodegradation, dị ka Reverte, na-enyere aka mee ka mmebi plastik dị ngwa n'okpuru mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka oxygen, ìhè anyanwụ, na okpomọkụ.
Ihe mgbakwunye ndị a na-enyere aka gbanwee plastik na-abụghị nke biodegradad ka ọ bụrụ ihe ndị nwere ike imebi ihe, dị ka ihe okike dị ka akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ osisi, na-enye aka na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi.
Oge nzipu: Sep-27-2024