I whakaputaina i te 27 o Hepetema, 2024 e Yidan Zhong
He aha ngā tāpiringa kirihou?
Ko ngā tāpiri kirihou he matū taiao, he matū hangai rānei, he matū waro-kore, he matū waro rānei e whakarerekē ana i ngā āhuatanga o te kirihou parakore, e tāpiri ana rānei i ngā āhuatanga hou. Ka whakaranua e ngā kaihanga te kapia ki ngā puranga tāpiri matua i roto i ngā ōwehenga motuhake i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te hua, kātahi ka hangaia he momo rauemi. I muri i te tukatuka mā te whakarewa, te pēhi, te whakahāngai, me ētahi atu, ka whiwhi te ranunga tuatahi i te āhua e hiahiatia ana.
Mā te whakaranu i ngā tāpiringa rerekē ki ngā kirikiri kirihou ka taea te hoatu i ngā āhuatanga rerekē ki ngā kirihou, pērā i te pakari ake, te pai ake o te whakamarumaru, me te kanapa o te āhua. Mā te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa ki ngā kirihou, ehara i te mea ka māmā ake ngā mea kirihou engari ka whakapai ake hoki i ō rātou tae, ka pai ake te pono o te hua mō ngā kaiwhakamahi. Koia te take e 90% ongā hua kirihoute whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa puta noa i te ao, nā te mea he koretake, he pakari, he kaha hoki te kirihou parakore. Me whakakotahi ngā tāpiringa kia roa ai te kirihou i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao kino.
He aha ngā tāpiringa kirihou e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ēnei rā?
1. Ngā tāpiringa ārai-ārai (ārai-piripiri)
Ka pā kino te piri ki te tukatuka me ngā whakamahinga o te kiriata, ā, i ētahi wā ka kore e taea te whakamahi i te kiriata. Ka whakararohia te mata o te kiriata e ngā tāpiringa ārai-ārai hei hanga i te pānga totoro, ka whakaiti i te pa o ngā kiriata, ā, ka ārai i a rātou kei piri tetahi ki tetahi.
Me tino whai hua ngā ārai-ārai, me te kounga pono me te pumau, ā, he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he pānga ki te mahi kiriata, inā koa i roto i ngā kiriata LLDPE me te LDPE. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā ārai-ārai me ngā ārai paheke hei waihanga i tētahi taiao tukatuka tino pai mō ngā kiriata.
Ko ngā wāhanga noa o ngā tāpiringa ārai-aukati ko te silica hangai (SiO2) pērā i te silica kohuke, te silica gel, me te zeolite, te SiO2 tūturu me te kohuke pērā i te uku, te oneone diatomaceous, te quartz, me te talc. Ko te painga o ngā rauemi hangai ko te kore e rite ki te tioata (te karo i te puehu kōhatu), ko ngā rauemi tūturu ia me whai maimoatanga motuhake hei whakaiti i te puehu.
2. Ngā kaihoko whakamārama
I te wā e tukatuka ana, ka taea e ngā mea pēnei i ngā whakakī, i ngā kirihou hangarua rānei te whakaiti i te mārama o te hua. Ka tukuna e ngā matū whakamārama he otinga, ka whakanui ake i te kanapa o te hua me te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga.
Ka taea e ngā matū whakamārama te whakapai ake i te māramatanga i te tere iti, me te tuku hoki i ngā painga pea mā te whakaiti i te wā huringa me te penapena pūngao. Kāore e pā kino ki te whakarewa, te piri, me ētahi atu mahi tukatuka.
3. Ngā whakakī kirihou
Ko te puranga matua whakakī kirihou, ko te nuinga o te wā he konupūmā kāponāte (CaCO3), e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga kirihou hei whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o ngā kapia, o ngā kapia pūmua rānei, hei whakaiti i ngā utu hua.
Ka rewahia te ranunga o te paura kōhatu, ngā tāpiringa, me te kapia tuatahi hei kapia wai, kātahi ka whakamataohia hei kirikiri, kātahi ka konatunatua ki te kirihou mata mō ngā tukanga pēnei i te hanga pupuhi, te miro, me te hanga werohanga hei whakaputa hua kirihou.
I roto i te tukatuka kirihou PP, he maha ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whakaheke me te piko ka pā ki te kounga o te hua. Ka āwhina ngā matū whakapakeke ki te whakatere i te hanga hua, te whakaiti i te piko, me te whakapai ake i te mārama. Ka whakapotohia hoki e rātou ngā huringa pēhi, ka whakarei ake i te pai o te whakaputa.
4. Ngā whakaū UV (ngā tāpiri UV)
Ka taea e te mārama ultraviolet te wawahi i ngā hononga o ngā polymer, ka puta te pirau whakaahua-matū, ka arahi ki te kirikiri, te tae ke, me te ngaronga o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana. Ka whakakorea e ngā mea whakaū UV pērā i ngā mea whakaū mārama amine ārai (HALS) ngā rauropi kore utu e kawenga ana mō te pirau, ā, ka roa ake te roa o te oranga o te hua.
5. Ngā tāpiringa ārai-pūmau
I te wā e tukatukahia ana, ka whakaputahia e ngā paura kirihou te hiko pateko, ka kukume i te puehu ki te mata. Ka whakaitihia e ngā tāpiringa ārai-pateko te utu o te mata o te kiriata, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru me te whakaiti i te kohikohinga puehu.
Ngā momo:
Ngā ārai-pūmau kore-roa: ngā kaihoko mata, ngā tote waro, te ethylene glycol, te polyethylene glycol
Ngā ārai-pūmau pakari: ngā polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), ngā polyalkyl copolymers
6. Ngā tāpiringa ārai-piki
He maha ngā wā ka piri tahi ngā kiriata nā te kaha piri, ngā utu rerekē, ngā kaha korehau rānei, ā, ka uaua ki te wehe. Ka whakararohia te mata o te kiriata e ngā tāpiringa ārai-piki kia kore ai e piri te hau. Ko ētahi wā motuhake ka whakamahia ngā huānga ārai-pūmau hei ārai i te kohikohi utu.
7. Ngā tāpiringa ārai mura
He tino mura ngā kirihou nā te hanganga ngota waro-mekameka. Ka whakapai ake ngā ārai mura i te ātete ahi mā roto i ngā tikanga pēnei i te hanga paparanga tiaki, te tinei rānei i ngā rauropi kore utu.
Ngā ārai mura noa:
Ngā aukati mura halogenated
Ngā huanga DOPO
Kore-waro: hauwai konumohe (Al(OH)3), hauwai konupora (Mg(OH)2), whākawa whero
Ngā mea rauropi: ngā phosphates
8. Ngā tāpiringa ārai-kohu
Ka āraihia e ngā matū ārai-kohu te wai kei mimiti ki runga i te mata o ngā kiriata kirihou hei pata wai, e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā takai kai e rongoatia ana i roto i ngā pouaka whakamātao, i ngā whare kati kōtuhi rānei. Ka pupuri ēnei matū i te māramatanga, ā, ka ārai i te kohu.
Ngā rongoā ārai-kohu noa:
PLA (waikawa polylactic)
Lanxess AF DP1-1701
9. Ngā mea whakakanapa whatu
Ko ngā whakamārama whatu, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā whakamārama rama-ā-ira, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei mimiti i te mārama UV me te tuku i te mārama e kitea ana, hei whakapai ake i te āhua o ngā hua kirihou. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaiti i te rerekētanga o te tae, inā koa i roto i ngā kirihou hangarua, kia mārama ake ai, kia kanapa ake ai hoki ngā tae.
Ngā mea whakakanapa whatu noa: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Ngā tāpiringa tautoko pirau koiora
He roa te wā e pirau ai ngā kirihou, ā, ka puta he raruraru ki te taiao. Ko ngā tāpiringa pirau koiora, pērā i a Reverte, ka āwhina i te tere ake o te pirau kirihou i raro i ngā awe o te taiao pērā i te hāora, te rā, me te pāmahana.
Ka āwhina ēnei tāpiringa ki te huri i ngā kirihou kore-pirau hei rauemi pirau, he rite ki ngā mea taiao pēnei i ngā rau me ngā tipu, ā, ka whai wāhi atu ki te oranga tonutanga o te taiao.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-27-2024
