Losindikizidwa pa Seputembara 27, 2024 ndi Yidan Zhong
Kodi zowonjezera pulasitiki ndi chiyani?
Zowonjezera za pulasitiki ndizinthu zachilengedwe kapena zopangira zinthu zomwe zimasintha mawonekedwe apulasitiki kapena kuwonjezera zatsopano. Opanga amasakaniza utomoni ndi masterbatches owonjezera molingana ndi zomwe amafuna, kenako amapanga zida zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pokonza kupyolera mu kuponyera, kuponderezana, kuumba, ndi zina zotero, kusakaniza koyambirira kumatenga mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
Kusakaniza zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana ndi ma granules a pulasitiki kumatha kupereka zinthu zosiyanasiyana ku mapulasitiki, monga kulimba kolimba, kutsekereza bwino, komanso kumaliza kowala. Kuwonjezera zowonjezera ku mapulasitiki sikumangopangitsa zinthu zapulasitiki kukhala zopepuka komanso kumapangitsanso mtundu wawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale odalirika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake 90% yazinthu zapulasitikipadziko lonse lapansi, monga pulasitiki yoyera nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda kulimba, kulimba, komanso mphamvu. Zowonjezera ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti pulasitiki ikhale yokhazikika pansi pazovuta zachilengedwe.
Kodi zowonjezera pulasitiki zodziwika kwambiri masiku ano ndi ziti?
1. Anti-blocking zowonjezera (anti-adhesive)
Kumamatira kumatha kusokoneza kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito filimuyo, nthawi zina kupangitsa kuti filimuyo ikhale yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zowonjezera zoletsa kutsekereza zimakwiyitsa filimuyo kuti ipangitse mawonekedwe otambasuka, kuchepetsa kukhudzana pakati pa makanema ndikuletsa kumamatirana.
Anti-blocking agents ayenera kukhala ogwira mtima kwambiri, okhala ndi khalidwe lodalirika komanso okhazikika, osakhudzidwa pang'ono kapena osakhudzidwa ndi mafilimu, makamaka m'mafilimu a LLDPE ndi LDPE. Anti-blocking agents nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma slip agents kuti apange malo abwino kwambiri opangira mafilimu.
Zosakaniza zodziwika bwino za anti-blocking zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo silika wopangidwa (SiO2) monga fumed silica, gel silica, ndi zeolite, kapena zachilengedwe ndi mchere SiO2 monga dongo, diatomaceous earth, quartz, ndi talc. Zida zopangira zimakhala ndi mwayi wosakhala crystalline (kupewa fumbi lachalky), pamene zinthu zachilengedwe zimafuna chithandizo chapadera kuti chichepetse fumbi.
2. Zowunikira
Pakukonza, zinthu monga zodzaza kapena pulasitiki zobwezerezedwanso zimatha kuchepetsa kuwonekera kwazinthu. Othandizira owunikira amapereka yankho, kukulitsa gloss yazinthu ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
Owunikira amatha kumveketsa bwino pang'onopang'ono pomwe akupereka zopindulitsa kudzera pakuchepetsa nthawi yozungulira komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu. Sasokoneza kuwotcherera, kumamatira, kapena machitidwe ena opangira.
3. Pulasitiki fillers
Pulasitiki filler masterbatch, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi calcium carbonate (CaCO3), imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani apulasitiki kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a utomoni kapena utomoni wa polima, kuchepetsa mtengo wazogulitsa.
Kusakaniza kwa ufa wamwala, zowonjezera, ndi utomoni woyambirira amasungunuka mu utomoni wamadzimadzi ndikukhazikika mu ma granules, omwe amasakanizidwa ndi pulasitiki yaiwisi kuti apange njira ngati kuumba, kupota, ndi jekeseni kuti apange zinthu zapulasitiki.
Pokonza pulasitiki ya PP, zinthu monga kuchepa ndi kuwombana nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mtundu wazinthu. Zopangira zowumitsa zimathandizira kufulumizitsa kuumba kwazinthu, kuchepetsa kugundana, komanso kukonza kuwonekera. Amafupikitsanso nthawi yosindikizira, kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga.
4. UV stabilizers (zowonjezera UV)
Kuwala kwa Ultraviolet kumatha kuphwanya zomangira za ma polima, kupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa chithunzithunzi ndikupangitsa kuchoko, kusinthika, komanso kutaya katundu. Ma UV stabilizers ngati zolepheretsa amine light stabilizer (HALS) amachepetsa ma radicals aulere omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka, motero amakulitsa moyo wazinthu.
5. Anti-static zowonjezera
Pokonza, ma granules apulasitiki amapanga magetsi osasunthika, kukopa fumbi pamwamba. Zowonjezera za anti-static zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa filimuyi, kuwongolera chitetezo ndikuchepetsa kuchulukana kwafumbi.
Mitundu:
Anti-statics osakhalitsa: othandizira pamwamba, mchere wa organic, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol.
Ma anti-statics okhazikika: polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), polyalkyl copolymers
6. Anti-caking zowonjezera
Mafilimu nthawi zambiri amamatira limodzi chifukwa cha zomatira, zotsutsana, kapena mphamvu za vacuum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzilekanitsa. Zowonjezera zoletsa kuyika filimuyi zimakwiyitsa filimuyo kuti mpweya usavutike. Milandu ina yapadera imaphatikizapo zinthu zotsutsana ndi static kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwa ndalama.
7. Flame retardant zowonjezera
Mapulasitiki amatha kuyaka kwambiri chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka carbon-chain molecule. Zoletsa moto zimathandizira kukana moto pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kupanga zigawo zoteteza kapena kuzimitsa ma free radicals.
Common flame retardants:
Ma halogenated flame retardants
Zochokera ku DOPO
Zachilengedwe: aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), phosphorous yofiira
Organic: phosphates
8. Zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi chifunga
Mankhwala oletsa chifunga amalepheretsa madzi kuti asasunthike pamwamba pa mafilimu apulasitiki ngati madontho, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonekera m'matumba a chakudya omwe amasungidwa m'firiji kapena m'nyumba zosungiramo zomera. Othandizirawa amasunga kumveka bwino ndikuletsa chifunga.
Ma anti-fog agents:
PLA (polylactic acid)
Lanxess AF DP1-1701
9. Zowunikira zowunikira
Zowunikira zowunikira, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zoyera za fulorosenti, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutengera kuwala kwa UV ndikutulutsa kuwala kowoneka bwino, kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zapulasitiki ziwonekere. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kusinthika, makamaka m'mapulasitiki opangidwanso, kupanga mitundu yowala komanso yowoneka bwino.
Zowunikira wamba: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Biodegradation yothandizira zowonjezera
Mapulasitiki amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti awole, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zachilengedwe. Zowonjezera za biodegradation, monga Reverte, zimathandiza kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki pansi pa zinthu zachilengedwe monga mpweya, kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi kutentha.
Zowonjezerazi zimathandizira kusintha mapulasitiki osawonongeka kukhala zinthu zowola, zofanana ndi zachilengedwe monga masamba kapena zomera, zomwe zimathandizira kuti chilengedwe chisamawonongeke.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-27-2024