Yofalitsidwa pa Seputembala 27, 2024 ndi Yidan Zhong
Kodi zowonjezera za pulasitiki ndi chiyani?
Zowonjezera za pulasitiki ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kapena zopangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda chilengedwe kapena zachilengedwe zomwe zimasintha mawonekedwe a pulasitiki yeniyeni kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zatsopano. Opanga amasakaniza utomoni ndi zinthu zowonjezera m'magawo enaake kutengera zomwe chinthucho chikufuna, kenako amapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pokonza pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera, kukanikiza, kuumba, ndi zina zotero, chisakanizo choyamba chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.
Kusakaniza zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana ndi tinthu ta pulasitiki kungapangitse mapulasitiki kukhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, monga kulimba kwambiri, kutchinjiriza bwino, komanso kunyezimira. Kuwonjezera zowonjezera ku mapulasitiki sikuti kumangopangitsa kuti zinthu za pulasitiki zikhale zopepuka komanso kumawonjezera mtundu wake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zodalirika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake 90% yazinthu zapulasitikipadziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, chifukwa pulasitiki yeniyeni nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakhala yolimba, yolimba, komanso yolimba. Zowonjezera ziyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti pulasitiki ikhale yolimba m'malo ovuta.
Kodi zowonjezera za pulasitiki zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri masiku ano ndi ziti?
1. Zowonjezera zoletsa kutsekeka (zoletsa kumatira)
Kumatirira kungakhudze kwambiri kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito filimu, nthawi zina kupangitsa kuti filimuyo isagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zowonjezera zoletsa kutsekeka zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa filimuyo pakhale mphamvu yotambasula, kuchepetsa kukhudzana pakati pa mafilimu ndikuletsa kuti asamamatire pamodzi.
Mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka ayenera kukhala ogwira mtima kwambiri, okhala ndi khalidwe lodalirika komanso kukhazikika, osakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a filimu, makamaka m'mafilimu a LLDPE ndi LDPE. Mankhwala oletsa kutsekeka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala otsetsereka kuti apange malo abwino kwambiri okonzera mafilimu.
Zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutsekeka kwa zinthu monga silica yopangidwa (SiO2) monga fumed silica, gel silica, ndi zeolite, kapena SiO2 yachilengedwe komanso yamchere monga dongo, diatomaceous earth, quartz, ndi talc. Zipangizo zopangidwa zili ndi ubwino wosakhala crystalline (kupewa fumbi longa choko), pomwe zinthu zachilengedwe zimafunikira chithandizo chapadera kuti zichepetse fumbi.
2. Othandizira kuwunikira
Pakukonza, zinthu monga zodzaza kapena pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso zimatha kuchepetsa kuwonekera bwino kwa zinthu. Zinthu zofotokozera bwino zimapereka yankho, kukulitsa kuwala kwa zinthu komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
Zinthu zowunikira zimatha kumveketsa bwino zinthu pamlingo wotsika pomwe zimapereka phindu lomwe lingatheke chifukwa cha kuchepetsa nthawi yozungulira komanso kusunga mphamvu. Sizimakhudza kwambiri kuwotcherera, kumatira, kapena magwiridwe ena opangira.
3. Zodzaza pulasitiki
Chida chodzaza pulasitiki, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa calcium carbonate (CaCO3), chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga pulasitiki kusintha mawonekedwe a ma resin kapena ma polymer resins, kuchepetsa mtengo wazinthu.
Kusakaniza kwa ufa wa miyala, zowonjezera, ndi utomoni woyambirira kumasungunuka kukhala utomoni wamadzimadzi ndikuziziritsidwa kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimasakanizidwa ndi pulasitiki yosaphika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito monga kupanga mapulasitiki, kupota, ndi kupanga mapulasitiki kuti apange zinthu zapulasitiki.
Pokonza pulasitiki ya PP, zinthu monga kuchepa ndi kupindika nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ubwino wa chinthu. Zinthu zolimbitsa zimathandiza kufulumizitsa kupanga zinthu, kuchepetsa kupindika, komanso kukonza kuwonekera bwino. Zimafupikitsanso nthawi yosindikizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yopangira zinthu izigwire bwino ntchito.
4. Zolimbitsa UV (zowonjezera za UV)
Kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumatha kuswa zomangira mu ma polima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti photochemical iwonongeke ndikupangitsa kuti choko, kusintha mtundu, komanso kutayika kwa katundu weniweni. Zolimbitsa UV monga zolimbitsa kuwala kwa amine zomwe zimalepheretsedwa (HALS) zimathetsa ma free radicals omwe amachititsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke, motero zimakulitsa moyo wa chinthucho.
5. Zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi malo amodzi
Pakukonza, ma pulasitiki opangidwa ndi granules amapanga magetsi osasunthika, zomwe zimakopa fumbi pamwamba. Zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi static zimachepetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba pa filimuyo, zimawonjezera chitetezo komanso zimachepetsa kuchulukana kwa fumbi.
Mitundu:
Zoletsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha: zinthu zoteteza pamwamba, mchere wachilengedwe, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol
Zotsutsana ndi statics zolimba: polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), polyalkyl copolymers
6. Zowonjezera zoletsa kutsekeka
Mafilimu nthawi zambiri amamatirana chifukwa cha mphamvu zomatira, mphamvu zosiyana, kapena mphamvu zotulutsa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwalekanitsa. Zowonjezera zoletsa kuyika kwa filimuyo zimapangitsa kuti mpweya usamamatire. Milandu ina yapadera imaphatikizapo zinthu zotsutsana ndi mpweya kuti zisamangidwe.
7. Zowonjezera zoletsa moto
Mapulasitiki amatha kuyaka mosavuta chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka molekyulu ya carbon-chain. Zinthu zoletsa moto zimathandiza kuti moto usayake kudzera mu njira monga kupanga zigawo zoteteza kapena kuzimitsa ma free radicals.
Zinthu zoletsa moto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
Zoletsa moto zokhala ndi halogenated
Zochokera ku DOPO
Zosapangidwa: aluminiyamu hydroxide (Al(OH)3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), phosphorous yofiira
Zachilengedwe: ma phosphates
8. Zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi chifunga
Zinthu zoletsa chifunga zimaletsa madzi kuti asaundane pamwamba pa mafilimu apulasitiki monga madontho, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mabokosi azakudya omwe amasungidwa m'firiji kapena m'nyumba zobiriwira. Zinthuzi zimasunga kuyera bwino komanso zimaletsa chifunga.
Mankhwala oletsa chifunga wamba:
Asidi ya polylactic (PLA)
Lanxess AF DP1-1701
9. Zowunikira kuwala
Zowunikira kuwala, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zoyera kuwala, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyamwa kuwala kwa UV ndi kutulutsa kuwala kooneka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zapulasitiki zizioneka bwino. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kusintha kwa mtundu, makamaka m'mapulasitiki obwezerezedwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ikhale yowala komanso yowala kwambiri.
Zowunikira zodziwika bwino: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Zowonjezera zothandizira kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe
Mapulasitiki amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti awonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zachilengedwe. Zowonjezera kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, monga Reverte, zimathandiza kuti pulasitiki iwonongeke mofulumira chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe monga mpweya, kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi kutentha.
Zowonjezera izi zimathandiza kusintha mapulasitiki osawonongeka kukhala zinthu zomwe zingawonongeke, zofanana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga masamba kapena zomera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe chikhale cholimba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-27-2024
