Kushicilelwe ngo-Septhemba 27, 2024 ngu-Yidan Zhong
Yiziphi izithasiselo zepulasitiki?
Izithasiselo zepulasitiki ziyizinto zemvelo noma zokwenziwa ze-inorganic noma eziphilayo ezishintsha izici zepulasitiki ehlanzekile noma zengeze izakhiwo ezintsha. Abakhiqizi baxuba inhlaka ne-additive masterbatches ngezilinganiso ezithile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomkhiqizo, bese bekhiqiza izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngemva kokucubungula ngokusebenzisa ukusakaza, ukucindezelwa, ukubumba, njll., ingxube yokuqala ithatha umumo oyifunayo.
Ukuxuba izithasiselo ezihlukene nama-granules epulasitiki kungadlulisela izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene kumapulasitiki, njengokuqina okwandayo, ukugquma okungcono, kanye nesiphetho esicwebezelayo. Ukwengeza izithasiselo kumapulasitiki akwenzi nje izinto zepulasitiki zibe lula kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa umbala wazo, okwenza umkhiqizo uthembeke kakhudlwana kubasebenzisi. Yingakho u-90% weimikhiqizo yepulasitikisebenzisa izithasiselo emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba ipulasitiki ehlanzekile ngokuvamile ayinakho ukuqina, ukuqina, namandla. Izithasiselo kufanele zihlanganiswe ukwenza ipulasitiki ihlale ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima.
Yiziphi izithasiselo zepulasitiki ezivame kakhulu namuhla?
1. Izithako ezivimbela ukuvimba (i-anti-adhesive)
Ukunamathela kungaba nomthelela omubi ekucutshungulweni kwefilimu nasekusetshenzisweni, kwesinye isikhathi kwenze ifilimu ingasebenzi. Izithasiselo ezivimbela ukuvinjwa zihlukumeza indawo yefilimu ukuze zenze umphumela onwebekayo, zinciphise ukuthintana phakathi kwamafilimu futhi ziwavimbele ukuthi anganamathelani.
Ama-anti-blocking agents kumele asebenze kakhulu, abe nekhwalithi ethembekile nokuzinza, abe nomthelela omncane noma angabi nawo nhlobo ekusebenzeni kwefilimu, ikakhulukazi kumafilimu e-LLDPE kanye ne-LDPE. Ama-anti-blocking agents avame ukusetshenziswa kanye nama-slip agents ukudala indawo efanelekile yokucubungula amafilimu.
Izithako ezivamile zezithasiselo ezivimbela ukuvinjelwa zifaka i-silica yokwenziwa (SiO2) njenge-silica evuthayo, i-silica ye-gel, ne-zeolite, noma i-SiO2 yemvelo namaminerali njengobumba, umhlaba we-diatomaceous, i-quartz, ne-talc. Izinto zokwenziwa zinenzuzo yokungabi yi-crystalline (ukugwema uthuli lwe-chalky), kuyilapho izinto zemvelo zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukunciphisa uthuli.
2. Ama-ejenti acacisayo
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, izinto ezinjengama-filler noma ipulasitiki egaywe kabusha zinganciphisa ukubonakala komkhiqizo. Ama-ejenti acacisayo anikeza isixazululo, akhulise isicwebezelisi somkhiqizo kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Ama-ejenti acacisayo angathuthukisa ukucaca ngenani eliphansi kuyilapho enikeza izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngesikhathi esincishisiwe somjikelezo nokonga amandla. Ayithinti kabi i-welding, ukunamathela, noma okunye ukucubungula ukusebenza.
3. Izithako zepulasitiki
I-plastic filler masterbatch, ngokuvamile esekelwe ku-calcium carbonate (CaCO3), isetshenziswa embonini yepulasitiki ukuguqula izici zama-resin noma ama-polymer resins, ukunciphisa izindleko zomkhiqizo.
Ingxube yempushana yetshe, izithasiselo, kanye ne-resin eyinhloko iyancibilika ibe inhlaka ewuketshezi bese ipholiswa ibe yizinhlayiyana, ezibese zixutshwa nepulasitiki eluhlaza ukuze kwenziwe izinqubo ezifana nokubumba igalelo, ukuphotha, nokubumba umjovo ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
Ekucutshungulweni kwepulasitiki ye-PP, izici ezifana nokushwabana nokuwohloka ngokuvamile zithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ama-ejenti aqinisayo asiza ukusheshisa ukubunjwa komkhiqizo, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana, nokuthuthukisa ukubonakala. Baphinde bafinyeze imijikelezo yokushicilela, bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
4. Iziqinisi ze-UV (izithasiselo ze-UV)
Ukukhanya kwe-Ultraviolet kunganqamula izibopho kuma-polymer, kubangele ukuwohloka kwe-photochemical futhi kuholele ekushayweni, ekushintsheni kombala, nasekulahlekeni kwempahla ebonakalayo. Iziqinisi ze-UV njengezinzinzisi zokukhanya ze-amine ezivinjiwe (i-HALS) zinciphisa ama-radicals mahhala abangela ukuwohloka, ngaleyo ndlela andise isikhathi sokuphila somkhiqizo.
5. Anti-static izithasiselo
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ama-granules epulasitiki akhiqiza ugesi omile, eheha uthuli phezulu. Izithasiselo eziphikisana ne-static zinciphisa ukushaja okungaphezulu kwefilimu, zithuthukisa ukuphepha futhi zinciphise ukunqwabelana kothuli.
Izinhlobo:
Ama-anti-statics angahlali isikhathi eside: ama-surface agents, usawoti we-organic, i-ethylene glycol, i-polyethylene glycol
Ama-anti-statics ahlala isikhathi eside: i-polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), ama-polyalkyl copolymers
6. Anti-caking izithasiselo
Amafilimu avame ukunamathelana ngenxa yamandla okunamathela, amashaji aphikisanayo, noma amandla e-vacuum, okwenza kube nzima ukuwahlukanisa. Izithasiselo ezimelene namakhekhe zihlukumeza ifilimu ukuze umoya uvimbele ukunqwabelana. Ezinye izimo ezikhethekile zibandakanya ama-elementi e-anti-static ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwemali.
7. Izithasiselo ezivimbela ilangabi
Amapulasitiki avutha kakhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo samangqamuzana e-carbon-chain. Izinqamuleli zomlilo zithuthukisa ukumelana nomlilo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokwakha izendlalelo zokuvikela noma ukucisha ama-radicals mahhala.
Ama-retardants amalangabi ajwayelekile:
Ama-halogenated flame retardants
Okuphuma kokuphuma ku-DOPO
I-Inorganic: i-aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3), i-magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), i-phosphorus ebomvu
Izinto eziphilayo: ama-phosphates
8. Izithasiselo zokulwa nenkungu
Ama-anti-fogging agents avimbela amanzi ukuthi angafihli ebusweni bamafilimu epulasitiki ngendlela yamaconsi, avame ukubonwa emaphaketheni okudla agcinwe eziqandisini noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Lawa ma-ejenti agcina ukucaca futhi avimbele inkungu.
Ama-anti-inkungu ajwayelekile:
I-PLA (i-polylactic acid)
I-Lanxess AF DP1-1701
9. Izikhanyisi zamehlo
Izibani ezikhanyayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-fluorescent whiteners, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukumunca ukukhanya kwe-UV futhi akhiphe ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukushintsha kombala, ikakhulukazi kumapulasitiki agaywe kabusha, okwenza imibala ikhanye futhi igqame.
Izibani ezikhanyayo ezijwayelekile: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Izithasiselo ezisekela i-Biodegradation
Ipulasitiki ithatha isikhathi eside ukubola, idale izinselelo zemvelo. Izithasiselo ze-Biodegradation, njenge-Reverte, zisiza ukusheshisa ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki ngaphansi kwamathonya emvelo njengomoya-mpilo, ukukhanya kwelanga, nezinga lokushisa.
Lezi zithasiselo zisiza ekuguquleni amapulasitiki angaboli abe yizinto ezibolayo, ezifana nezakhiwo zemvelo ezinjengamaqabunga noma izitshalo, okunikela ekusimameni kwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-27-2024